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"Since 9/11, 2001, a new form of religious extremism has arguably emerged, one which
paradoxically portrays itself as a counter to another perceived extremism regarded as a real
and imminent threat. Within North America and Western Europe, as elsewhere, there is an
upsurge of various forms of reactionary rhetoric and opposition expressed towards Islam
and Muslims. An increase in extremist behaviour, even violence, is appearing from quarters
opposed to, or varyingly fearful of, Islamic extremism if not Islam or Muslims.
Islamophobia, as a manifestation of fear of an exclusionary Islam, manifests as exclusionary
or negatively reactive behaviours with Muslims and Islam as the target. This article explores
the idea that Islamophobia can be regarded as a manifestation of religious extremism and,
further, that such extremism is construable as “reactive co-radicalization.” It focuses on two
European cases – the 2009 Swiss ban on the building of minarets and the 2011 Norwegian
massacre carried out by Anders Breivik – as examples of this “reactive co-radicalization.”
This term, I suggest, is an apt denominator for the exclusionary reaction to the rising
presence of Islam within otherwise secular, albeit nominally Christian, Western European
and North American societies, among others."
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paradoxically portrays itself as a counter to another perceived extremism regarded as a real
and imminent threat. Within North America and Western Europe, as elsewhere, there is an
upsurge of various forms of reactionary rhetoric and opposition expressed towards Islam
and Muslims. An increase in extremist behaviour, even violence, is appearing from quarters
opposed to, or varyingly fearful of, Islamic extremism if not Islam or Muslims.
Islamophobia, as a manifestation of fear of an exclusionary Islam, manifests as exclusionary
or negatively reactive behaviours with Muslims and Islam as the target. This article explores
the idea that Islamophobia can be regarded as a manifestation of religious extremism and,
further, that such extremism is construable as “reactive co-radicalization.” It focuses on two
European cases – the 2009 Swiss ban on the building of minarets and the 2011 Norwegian
massacre carried out by Anders Breivik – as examples of this “reactive co-radicalization.”
This term, I suggest, is an apt denominator for the exclusionary reaction to the rising
presence of Islam within otherwise secular, albeit nominally Christian, Western European
and North American societies, among others."
Site van de uitgever:
Artikel direct downloaden als PDF: